Users include Technical staff and Instructors. The user can register complaint pertaining to any lab equipment. The registered complaints will be sent to Admin. The instructor maintains documentation of software, hardware and he also provides the report of equipment conditions to the admin. He performs the tasks assigned by admin. He gets alerted via SMS about the warranty of the product if it is out of date.
Another profile in our project is the HODs profile. HOD can also request for extra labs to the Admin. Based on the available slots, admin defines the slots and send a reply to HOD. This software also facilitates students in getting syllabus copy, software installation procedures, different lab related software etc.
Design and Implementation. The major features of e-administration of computer lab system are as listed below. By achieving the above features, Responsiveness and hence outcomes of each lab increases. Admin Creates a user, checks report and assigns a task to the user. These functions are used to keep track of various activities in labs. This is the home page of e-Administration of computer labs. Through this page, students, tech staff, and nontech staff can access information pertaining to different labs.
The reason behind testing was to find errors. Every program or software has errors in it, against the common view that there are no errors in it if the program or software is working. Executing the programs with the intention of finding the errors in it is therefore testing; hence a successful test is one which finds errors. Testing is an activity, however, it is restricted to being performed after the development phase is complete, but is carried parallel with all stages of system development, starting with requirement specification.
Test cases were devised with a purpose in mind. A test case is a set of data that a system will process as normal input. The software units developed in the system are modules and routines that are assembled and integrated to perform the required function of the system. Test results once gathered and evaluated, provide a qualitative indication of the software quality and reliability and serve as the basis for design modification if required. In this phase, testing is done at different levels.
Actually testing phase of the implementations works accurately and efficiently before live operation commences. Unit testing was done after the coding phase. The purpose of the unit testing was to locate errors in the current module, independent of the other modules.
Some changes in the coding were done during the testing phase. Finally, all the modules were individually tested following bottom to top approach, starting with the smallest and lowest modules and then testing one at a time.
This method of software testing tests the functionality of an application as opposed to its internal structures or working i. Test cases are built to specifications and requirements, i.
It uses external descriptions of the software, including specifications, requirements, and design to derive test cases. These tests can be functional or non-functional, though usually functional. The test designer selects valid and invalid inputs and determines the correct output. This method of software testing tests internal structures or workings of an application, as opposed to its functionality i. In white-box testing, an internal perspective of the system, as well as programming skills, are required and used to design test cases.
Here all type of user can go and analyses the data of different field and get maximum profit for future investment. Overview This system provides an easy solution to users to buy or sell their product with maximum profit online SRS includes two sections overall description and specific requirements; - Overall description will describe major role of the system components and interconnections.
The system deals with customer touch points: customer calls for subscription, for requests about package, services, pay per views, for complaints about general or technical problems and maintenance of campaigns that directly affect customers. Campaign maintenance process includes the definition of new campaigns and preparation of target lists by marketing department and the outbound calls of call center for these campaigns after related target list.
Different from campaigns, the definition of service products like packages, services and PPVs to the system is supported by other departments and they are established by other systems. Scope This Project investigates the entry threshold for providing a new auction service channel via the real options approach, where the entry threshold is established by using an Online auctioning system designed for the use of normal users individuals , Industrialists, Entrepreneurs, Organizations and Academicians under transaction rate uncertainty.
When an invalid password is entered a warning is given to the user that his account is going to get locked. User is provided with a transaction password which is different from the login password. If the transaction is successful a notification should appear to the customer, in case it is unsuccessful, a proper message should be given to the customer as to why it failed.
He can also view future auctions. An online auctioning system is effective when the correct software application and hardware configuration is used. Mid-range system hardware is less expensive than high-range equipment, has built-in, preventive maintenance utilities which automatically monitor central processing unit CPU usage and other hardware functions.
Workstations can be integrated into the system and configured to process regular and Web auctioning made easy. Paperless auctioning is environmentally friendly, but many people feel more comfortable having a paper trail when they pay their bills. Security: Many people worry about hackers accessing their bank accounts. Also, family or friends could steal your password and access your account information. Alerts should go beyond simple account balance notifications and payment deadlines to include fraud prevention mechanisms like notifications for address changes, large purchases, and foreign transactions and wire transfers.
Some online banking features are centered on the goals of reducing debt. Through online banking, people can submit debt consolidation loans for approval and set up automatic deductions to repay the loans. They can monitor the progress of their debt, and when extra money becomes available they will know exactly how much they owe so they can pay it off quickly.
The main goals of implementation are as follows; - Enhancements to the security features may increase the performance. Functional Requirements: Administrator: He is the super user responsible for managing clients of the system, taking system backup, generating reports, maintaining organization details.
Manage Clients: The Administrator assigns new users when a new client joins the online auctioning. Also he can delete an account when any of the user leave the auctioning organization. Take System Backup: The Administrator Backup the database in order to prevent loss of data on system crashes.
He can backup entire database or a particular section.. Generate Reports: : Responsible for checking the logs of different system users for auditing and maintaining the integrity of the system. This means that clients always have current information visible. This is important for short time auctions, where the frequency of bids is relatively high. This allows to prevent a dependency on a single supplier only, as well as to split delivery.
Study Internet auctions appeared on the scene in the mid s, and quickly became one of the most successful applications of electronic commerce. EBay, the premier consumer-to-consumer C2C Internet auction site, is generally held up as an exemplar for the industry.
However, it is widely predicted that the potential transaction volume in business-to-business B2B auctions will be much greater than in the C2C channel Keenan, ; Rosenthal, In the B2B marketplace, auctions were initially….
The Internet, however, has expanded the scope and reach of this market mechanism beyond the wildest dreams of its traditional purveyors. Unlike traditional auctions that were limited in scope, online auctions have brought this mechanism to the masses, providing them with an all-encompassing selection of goods they can buy or sell.
In recent years we have seen the emergence of electronic marketplace that leverages…. Th3e way that it works is that the seller places an item on e-bay and it is up to the seller to accept bids only another thing that they can do is offer the Buy It Now option, which is basically a price that is set in place from the seller. Simulation enables studies of more complex systems because it creates observations by evaluating possible future changes that can occur to the system by looking forward into the future, whereas other research methods attempt to look backwards across history to determine what happened, and how Dooley, After taking into consideration the different factors which include the time constraint, budget and the complexity of the system that is to be constructed the build methodology proves to be the most appropriate methodology to use in the development of this system.
Whenever a research question leads to the building of a software system, the researchers involved should consider the following set of good practices design the software system no matter how simple the system is. In choosing a programming language there are various factors that have to be considered which are reliability, expressiveness, run-time speed and available libraries. The build research methodology best suites this project because the working software is the end product and the project involves building an artifact that encompasses new software features which makes this methodology the most appropriate one.
A software framework is a universal reusable software platform used to develop applications and solutions. The development of basic projects can be divided into different stages which are project planning, requirements definition, design, development, integration and testing, installation and acceptance.
These phases involve planning and design, implementation, testing, documentation, deployment and maintenance. The requirements and analyses are gathered from the buyers and the sellers in the auction system. For the auction system PHP is the programming language that is used to translate the system structure. The use of these programming languages allows for the development of an online auction system.
The program will be written in a certain programming language. The documented information is relevant for upgrades or updates that may be required on the system and for future referencing when carrying out maintenance. The newly discovered faults can be cleared and missed requirements can be added. In the development of this system we have to choose the best suitable approach for the given project to produce a quality end product. This chapter provides a set of outlines of the different possible development approaches and also comparing their advantages and disadvantages.
The approach that is finally chosen is the one that appropriately suites the project that is to be developed. The waterfall model was not selected because it has a number of disadvantages which do not result in the development of a quality end product. So risk and uncertainty is high with this process model. The Waterfall model consists of a number of phases and each phase must be completed before moving to the next phase, there is no overlapping in the phases and this provides a number of challenges in developing this system.
The waterfall model illustrates the software development process in a linear sequential life cycle model. The waterfall enforces that the customer requirements are well understood to begin with since changes will not be accommodated as the cycle progresses Waterfall Model Design Waterfall approach was first SDLC Model to be used widely in Software Engineering to ensure success of the project.
Figure 3. In this project the completion of each stage is accompanied by the delivering of a document. The whole process of software development is divided into separate phases. In Waterfall model, the outcome of one phase acts as the input for the next phase sequentially. Requirement Gathering and analysis This phase tries to capture all the requirements of the system to be developed and document all of this in the requirements specification document.
In the auction system this involves gathering requirements from the buyers and sellers. The buyers provide information on the type of products they want, how the products are to be auctioned, the runtime for each auction and the ways in which the winners of the bid are determined. System Design The requirement specifications that are acquired from the first phase are studied in this phase and system design is carried out. XAMPP can be hosted on a laptop and used to store the data.
System Design assists in specifying system requirements and also helps in defining overall system architecture. Implementation After the completion of the System Design phase the next phase that follows is the implementation phase.
The auction system is developed in small programs called units, which are integrated in the next phase. Each and every one of these unit is developed and tested for its functionality which is known as Unit Testing. Integration and Testing After testing each of the unit in the implementation phase they are integrated into the system. Post integration the entire system is tested for any faults and failures.
Deployment of system Once the functional and non functional testing is done, the product is deployed in the customer environment or released into the market. Maintenance There are number issues which come up in the client environment. As a way to resolve these issues patches are released which makes it easy to solve the problem. Also to enhance the product some better versions are released. These changes in the maintenance phase are done to deliver these changes in the customer environment.
The next following phase is started only after the defined sets of goals are achieved for previous phase thus the name Waterfall Model. The waterfall Model does not allow the phases to overlap. Waterfall Model Application Every software developed is different from the other and requires a suitable Software Development Life Cycle SDLC approach to be followed based on the internal and external factors.
There are a number of situations where the use of Waterfall model is most appropriate and these situations include where the requirements are very well documented, fixed and clear, the product definition is stable, the technology is understood and is not dynamic, where there are no unclear requirements. The waterfall model also applies where there is huge amount of resources with required expertise are available to support the product and it also requires for the project to short.
The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Waterfall Model The advantage of waterfall development is that it allows for departmentalisation and control. This allows for the development of a schedule which will be set and has deadlines for each of the development phase and a product can proceed through the development process model phases one by one. Each phase of development proceeds follows a consistent order. Disadvantage One of the major disadvantages and the reason why the waterfall Model was not chosen for this project is that it does not allow for much reflection or revision.
Once an application is in the testing stage, it is very difficult to go back and change something that was not well documented or thought upon in the concept stage. The spiral model implements risk driven approach rather than code driven approach it makes use of both the top down and the bottom-up approaches Nilson, The spiral model combines the idea of iterative development with the systematic, controlled aspects of the waterfall model.
Spiral model is a combination of iterative development process model and the linear development model that is the waterfall model which provides high priority on risk analysis. It allows for incremental releases of the product, or incremental refinement through each iteration around the spiral Barry, The Spiral model basically tries to combine the features of the waterfall and the prototyping model.
A software project repeatedly passes through these phases in iterations called Spirals. Identification This phase starts with gathering the business requirements in the baseline spiral. In the subsequent spirals as the product matures, identification of system requirements, subsystem requirements and unit requirements are all done in this phase.
This also includes understanding the system requirements by continuous communication between the customer and the system analyst. At the end of the spiral the product is deployed in the identified market. Construct or Build Construct phase refers to production of the actual software product at every spiral. In the baseline spiral when the product is just thought of and the design is being developed a POC Proof of Concept is developed in this phase to get customer feedback.
Then in the subsequent spirals with higher clarity on requirements and design details a working model of the software called build is produced with a version number. These builds are sent to customer for feedback. Evaluation and Risk Analysis: Risk Analysis includes identifying, estimating, and monitoring technical feasibility and management risks, such as schedule slippage and cost overrun.
After testing the build, at the end of first iteration, the customer evaluates the software and provides feedback. The process of iterations along the spiral continues throughout the life of the software. Spiral Model Application Spiral Model is very popular software used in the software industry as it is in synch with the natural development process of any product that is learning with maturity and also involves minimum risk for the customer as well as the development firms.
This assures that there is no conflict with previous requirements and design. This method is consistent with approaches that have multiple software builds and releases and allows for making an orderly transition to a maintenance activity.
Another positive aspect is that the spiral model forces early user involvement in the system development effort. On the other side, it takes very strict management to complete such products and there is a risk of running the spiral in indefinite loop.
So the discipline of change and the extent of taking change requests is very important to develop and deploy the product successfully. Agile software is a development method that is based on iterative and incremental development. The basic advantage of Extreme Programming is that the whole process is visible and accountable.
The developers will make concrete commitments about what they will accomplish, show concrete progress in the form of deployable software, and when a milestone is reached they will describe exactly what they did and how and why that differed from the plan. This allows business-oriented people to make their own business commitments with confidence, to take advantage of opportunities as they arise, and eliminate dead-ends quickly and cheaply. It works by bringing the whole team together in the presence of simple practices, with enough feedback to enable the team to see where they are and to tune the practices to their unique situation.
Extreme Programming improves a software project in five essential ways; communication, simplicity, feedback, respect, and courage. Extreme Programmers constantly communicate with their customers and fellow programmers. In Extreme Programming, every contributor to the project is an integral part of the whole team.
The team forms around a business representative called the Customer, who sits with the team and works with them daily. Extreme Programming emphasizes teamwork.
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