Sindbis virus entry receptor

We also found that the anti-laminin receptor antibody partially blocked Sindbis virus binding to mosquito cells, suggesting that the laminin receptor is conserved in mosquitoes and functions as a Sindbis virus receptor in this host. The wide distribution of this highly conserved receptor may be in part responsible for the broad host range exhibited by the virus, which infects a wide range of mammals and birds as well as its mosquito vector and can infect many different tissues within these hosts.

Abstract Sindbis virus is an alphavirus with a very wide host range, being able to infect many birds and mammals as well as mosquitoes. Publication types Research Support, U.

Gov't, P. Recently, an in-silico study showed that natural compounds like bruceantin and EGCG could stably interact with gH at functionally relevant sites. In-silico mutational analysis of the V, L, L, I, I, L and F amino acids showed their involvement in stable binding with gH protein [ ]. Several receptors like integrins, Eph receptors are known to be involved in the process directly or indirectly. The detailed mechanism of EBV entry into the epithelial cell needs in-depth investigations.

Besides, studies showed that knockdown of these Eph receptors mitigate the EBV infection, and the Ephs overexpression has the potential to restore the infection.

The viral blocking at the entry point could negate the virus-induced stress induced into the cell. Thus, these entry receptors may prove to be elegant drug targets for therapeutics development. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Annu Rani- Conceptualization, data curation, original draft writing, figure and table preparation; Shweta Jakhmola - Conceptualization, critical review and editing; Dr.

Srikanth Karnati - Critical review and editing; Dr. All authors read and approved the manuscript. The funding organization has not played any role in the study design or the preparation of the manuscript. We appreciate our lab colleagues for their insightful discussions and advice. We gratefully acknowledge the Indian Institute of Technology Indore for providing facilities and support. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U.

Journal List Tumour Virus Res v. Tumour Virus Res. Published online Nov Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Hem Chandra Jha: ni. Introduction There are more than viruses has been classified under the Herpesviridae family which are known to infect mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, or even molluscs [ 1 ].

Table 1 Illustration of Eph receptors used by different viruses to enter into the host cell Eph A10 and -B6 are pseudokinases. Open in a separate window.

Table 2 Enlistment of Ephs and ephrins expressed by different human cells. Therapeutic targets Since Eph and ephrins have a remarkable role in infectious diseases it has been increasingly recognized as an attractive therapeutic target for many diseases which includes anticancer therapeutics, synaptic plasticity modulators, homeostasis of bone, and the stem cell biology [ 21 , , ].

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Authors contribution Annu Rani- Conceptualization, data curation, original draft writing, figure and table preparation; Shweta Jakhmola - Conceptualization, critical review and editing; Dr. References 1. Luczkowiak J. Viral Polymerases. International Agency for Research on Cancer; Sehrawat S.

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Ephrin receptor A2 is a functional entry receptor for Epstein—Barr virus. The ephrin receptor tyrosine kinase A2 is a cellular receptor for Kaposi's sarcoma—associated herpesvirus. Chakraborty S. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus interacts with EphrinA2 receptor to amplify signaling essential for productive infection. Sharma-Walia N. Tiwari V. Nonprofessional phagocytosis can facilitate herpesvirus entry into ocular cells. Cheshenko N. Focal adhesion kinase plays a pivotal role in herpes simplex virus entry.

Ephrin receptor A4 is a new Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus virus entry receptor. EphA7 functions as receptor on BJAB cells for cell-to-cell transmission of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and for cell-free infection by the related rhesus monkey rhadinovirus.

Hensler H. Virus Res. Sindbis virus has a very wide host range, infecting many species of mosquitoes and other hematophagous insects and infecting many species of higher vertebrates. We have used two approaches to study host cell receptors used by Sindbis virus to enter cells.

Anti-idiotype antibodies to neutralizing antibodies directed against glycoprotein E2 of the virus identified a kDa protein as a putative receptor in chicken cells.