It then spreads to the face, arms, and legs. Febrile seizures are fairly common in children with roseola. Febrile seizures occur when a child's temperature rises quickly. Febrile seizures are generally not harmful. But they can be very scary. Not every child with a high temperature is at risk for a febrile seizure.
Febrile seizures occur in about 3 in children under the age of 5. This type of seizure may run in families. The symptoms of roseola can be like other health conditions.
Make sure your child sees his or her healthcare provider for a diagnosis. He or she will give your child a physical exam. The physical exam will include inspecting the rash. The rash and high fever is usually enough to diagnose your child.
It will also depend on how severe the condition is. Antibiotics are not used to treat this illness. The droplets also can land on surfaces; if other children touch those surfaces and then their nose or mouth, they can become infected. Roseola may be contagious during the fever phase, but does not spread by the time the rash breaks out. There is no known way to prevent roseola. But because it affects young kids rather than adults, it's thought that a bout of roseola in childhood may provide some lasting immunity to the illness.
Repeat cases of roseola can happen, but are uncommon. The fever of roseola lasts from 3 to 7 days, followed by a rash lasting from hours to a few days. To make a diagnosis, a doctor will take a medical history and do an exam. A diagnosis of roseola is often uncertain until the fever drops and the rash appears, so the doctor may order tests to make sure that the fever is not caused by another type of infection. Roseola usually does not require professional medical treatment.
When it does, most treatment is focused on lowering the high fever. Antibiotics can't treat roseola because viruses, not bacteria, cause it. Acetaminophen such as Tylenol or ibuprofen such as Advil or Motrin can help to ease a fever. Never give aspirin to a child who has a viral illness because its use in such cases has been associated with Reye syndrome , which can lead to liver failure and death. While some parents use lukewarm sponge baths to lower fever, there is no proof that this really works.
The most common cause of roseola is the human herpes virus 6, but the cause also can be another herpes virus — human herpes virus 7. Like other viral illnesses, such as a common cold, roseola spreads from person to person through contact with an infected person's respiratory secretions or saliva. For example, a healthy child who shares a cup with a child who has roseola could contract the virus.
Roseola is contagious even if no rash is present. That means the condition can spread while an infected child has only a fever, even before it's clear that the child has roseola.
Watch for signs of roseola if your child has interacted with another child who has the illness. Unlike chickenpox and other childhood viral illnesses that spread rapidly, roseola rarely results in a communitywide outbreak.
The infection can occur at any time of the year. Older infants are at greatest risk of acquiring roseola because they haven't had time yet to develop their own antibodies against many viruses. While in the uterus, babies receive antibodies from their mothers that protect them as newborns from contracting infections, such as roseola.
But this immunity decreases with time. The most common age for a child to contract roseola is between 6 and 15 months. Occasionally a child with roseola experiences a seizure brought on by a rapid rise in body temperature.
If this happens, your child might briefly lose consciousness and jerk his or her arms, legs or head for several seconds to minutes. He or she may also lose bladder or bowel control temporarily.
If your child has a seizure, seek emergency care. Although frightening, fever-related seizures in otherwise healthy young children are generally short-lived and are rarely harmful. Complications from roseola are rare. The vast majority of otherwise healthy children and adults with roseola recover quickly and completely. Roseola is of greater concern in people whose immune systems are compromised, such as those who have recently received a bone marrow or organ transplant.
They may contract a new case of roseola — or a previous infection may come back while their immune system is weakened. Because they have less resistance to viruses in general, immune-compromised people tend to develop more-severe cases of infection and have a harder time fighting off illness. People with weak immune systems who contract roseola may experience potentially serious complications from the infection, such as pneumonia or encephalitis — a potentially life-threatening inflammation of the brain.
Because there's no vaccine to prevent roseola, the best you can do to prevent the spread of roseola is to avoid exposing your child to an infected child.
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